![]() ![]() Graduated corporate rates are inequitable-that is, the size of a corporation bears no necessary relation to the income levels of the owners. Jeffrey Kwall, professor of law at Loyola University Chicago School of Law, notes that: Is likely because there is no meaningful “ability to pay” concept in corporate taxation. Though barely 100 years old, individual income taxes are the largest source of tax revenue in the U.S. The Federal Income Tax was established in 1913 with the ratification of the 16th Amendment. imposes a progressive income tax where rates increase with income. The greater propensity toward single-rate systems for corporate tax than individual income tax An individual income tax (or personal income tax) is levied on the wages, salaries, investments, or other forms of income an individual or household earns. ![]() Thirty states and the District of Columbia have single-rate corporate tax systems. South Dakota and Wyoming levy neither corporate income nor gross receipts taxes. ![]() Delaware and Oregon impose gross receipts taxes in addition to corporate income taxes, as do several states, like Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, which permit gross receipts taxes at the local (but not state) level. Gross receipts taxes are a prime example of tax pyramiding in action.Īnd nontransparency. This yields vastly different effective tax rates depending on the length of the supply chain and disproportionately harms low-margin firms. Nevada, Ohio, Texas, and Washington forgo corporate income taxes but instead impose gross receipts taxes on businesses, which are generally thought to be more economically harmful due to tax pyramiding Tax pyramiding occurs when the same final good or service is taxed multiple times along the production process. Seven other states impose top rates at or below 5 percent: Florida (4.458 percent), Colorado (4.55 percent), Arizona (4.9 percent), Utah (4.95 percent), and Kentucky, Mississippi, and South Carolina (5 percent). Two other states (Alaska and Illinois) impose rates greater than 9 percent.Ĭonversely, North Carolina’s flat rate of 2.5 percent is the lowest in the country, followed by rates in Missouri (4 percent) and North Dakota (4.31 percent). New Jersey levies the highest top statutory corporate tax rate at 11.5 percent, followed by Pennsylvania (9.99 percent) and Iowa and Minnesota (both at 9.8 percent). Though often thought of as a major tax type, corporate income taxes accounted for an average of just 4.66 percent of state tax collections and 2.27 percent of state general revenue in fiscal year 2018. Unlike a sales tax, a gross receipts tax is assessed on businesses and apply to business-to-business transactions in addition to final consumer purchases, leading to tax pyramiding.Ĭorporate income taxes are levied in 44 states. South Dakota and Wyoming are the only states that levy neither a corporate income nor gross receipts tax A gross receipts tax is a tax applied to a company’s gross sales, without deductions for a firm’s business expenses, like costs of goods sold and compensation.Gross receipts taxes are generally thought to be more economically harmful than corporate income taxes. Nevada, Ohio, Texas, and Washington impose gross receipts taxes instead of corporate income taxes.Ten states- Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, and Utah-have top rates at or below 5 percent.Six states- Alaska, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania-levy top marginal corporate income tax A tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities.Rates range from 2.5 percent in North Carolina to 11.5 percent in New Jersey. Many companies are not subject to the CIT because they are taxed as pass-through businesses, with income reportable under the individual income tax. Forty-four states levy a corporate income tax A corporate income tax (CIT) is levied by federal and state governments on business profits. ![]()
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